英語條件從句的幾種特殊表達法

    （寧縣早勝中學 李俊義）
    虛擬語氣是高中英語教學中的一個重點，又是一個難點。在虛擬語氣的句子中，條件從句的表示方法較多 ，通常用if來引導，如If Iwere you,I would study much harder，在有些情況下，條件從句也可用其他方法 來表示。下面談幾種條件從句的特殊表達法。
    一、混合虛擬條件句
    如果條件從句的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據(jù)各自所表示的 時間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如：
    If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（從句述說過去，主句述說現(xiàn)在）
    If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（ 從句表示與過去的事實相反，主句說明與現(xiàn)在的事實相反）
    二、省略if的倒裝條件句
    如果條件從句的謂語動詞包含有were或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞had,should,could，有時可將連詞if省去，而將 條件從句的主語置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書面語，如：
    Were I(=If I were)in your place,I wouldn't give it up soearly.
    Had I(=if I had)known,I might have joined you in thediscussion.
    Should you(=If you should)be interested,I have a book onthe subject you might like.
    三、省略主句，只保留if(only)的條件句
    虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個if(only)條 件從句，表達說話人的強烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！
    四、含蓄虛擬條件句
    有時虛擬條件句不用條件從句，而是通過上下文或用介詞短語等表示出來。這種句子叫做含蓄虛擬條件句 。下面列舉幾種。
    1.在主語詞組中表示含蓄條件
    (1)主語是動詞不定式短語，表示含蓄條件。
    It would be good to leave the matter in his charge.如果把這件事讓他負責就好了。
    該句可改寫成：It would be good if we could leave thematter in his charge.
    (2)主語是動名詞短語表示含蓄條件。
    Doing the work in that way would have cost much more timeand money.如果用那種方法做這項工作就 會耗費更多的時間和金錢。
    該句可改寫為：If we had done the work in that way,it wouldhave cost much more time and money .
    (3)主語中帶有定語從句表示含蓄條件。
    A man who is always thinking of others would not have donesuch a thing.如果一個人總為別人著想 ，他就不會做出這種事情來。
    (4)主語中含有作定語的分詞或形容詞表示含蓄條件。
    Anyone being his position would have made no reply.任何人處在他那個位置，都不會回答的。
    該句可改寫為：If anyone had been in his position he wouldhave made no reply.
    A less complicated problem would have easily been solved.如果問題不是很復雜的話，那么就很容易 解決了。
    該句可改寫為：If the problem had been less complicated,it would have easily been solved.
    2.用介詞短語表示含蓄條件
    We could have done better under more favourableconditions.
    如果在更好的條件下，我們會干得更好。
    此句可改寫為：If the conditions had been more favourable, we could have done better.
    This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation.
    如果沒有堅定的工業(yè)基礎，發(fā)生這樣的變化是不可能的。
    此句可改寫為：If it had been without a solid industrial foundation,this ch

ange could not hav e taken place.

  

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